Table 2 Surgical and pathology characteristics of all reported solitary HCC-skull metastasis without known primary HCC [6]
From: Lytic bone lesion of the skull as a rare manifestation of hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report
Authors | Surgery | Dura intact? | Radiotherapy in brain? | Histopathology comments | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sherif Wael (2025) | En bloc resection | Yes | None | Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), Cytokeratins- 7 (CK- 7), Cytokeratins–19 (CK- 19), Heppar – 1 and CD – 15 immune stains | Alive, as of May 2024 |
Bernstein and Cory et al. (2023) [6] | En bloc resection | Yes | None | cytokeratin AE1, AE3, hepar, and arginase- 1 | Alive at 2 years after diagnosis |
Bernstein (2022) | En bloc resection | Yes | None | Cytokeratin AE1, AE3, hepar, and arginase- 1 | Alive at 4 months after diagnosis |
Ferraz et al. (2016) [12] | En bloc resection | No | Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy | Villin, pCEA, CD34, CK7 and CD10, and Hepatocyte | Died 6 months after diagnosis due to liver failure |
Subasinghe et al. (2015) [9] | Palliative excision of scalp | Yes | None | AFP, hepar 1 staining | Unavailable |
Jiang et al. (2014) [5] | En bloc resection | Yes | None | Pleiomorphic tumor cells w/eosinophilic cytoplasm, prominent nucleoli, mitosis | Died 18 months after diagnosis due to liver failure |
Trivedi et al. (2009) [10] | None | NA | 3,000 cGy over 10 days to skull lesion | r AFP, cytokeratin, AE1, and epithelial membrane antigen | Died 4 months after diagnosis |