Table 3 Logistic regression models to predict loss of independence

Age, years

 65–69

Reference

Reference

 70–74

1.84 (1.38, 2.46)

< 0.001

1.69 (1.28, 2.23)

< 0.001

 75–79

3.26 (2.45, 4.36)

< 0.001

2.75 (2.09, 3.63)

< 0.001

 80–84

4.40 (3.24, 5.99)

< 0.001

3.37 (2.52, 4.51)

< 0.001

 85–89

4.98 (3.50, 7.10)

< 0.001

3.82 (2.74, 5.34)

< 0.001

Preoperative use of a mobility aid

1.94 (1.57, 2.39)

< 0.001

2.28 (1.87, 2.77)

< 0.001

American Society of Anesthesiologists class

 1 or 2

Reference

Reference

 3

1.89 (1.47, 2.47)

< 0.001

1.91 (1.49, 2.48)

< 0.001

 4 or 5

2.52 (1.76, 3.63)

< 0.001

2.88 (2.04, 4.07)

< 0.001

Preoperative albumin < 3.4

1.80 (1.43, 2.25)

< 0.001

2.21 (1.78, 2.74)

< 0.001

Non-elective surgery

1.76 (1.39, 2.21)

< 0.001

2.67 (2.19, 3.26)

< 0.001

Race: Black or African American

1.82 (1.38, 2.38)

< 0.001

1.70 (1.29, 2.21)

< 0.001

Wound Class

 Clean or clean contaminated

Reference

 Contaminated

1.42 (1.07, 1.88)

0.014

 Dirty/Infected

1.65 (1.20, 2.25)

0.002

Sepsis

1.95 (1.34, 2.82)

< 0.001

Weight loss

1.79 (1.28, 2.47)

< 0.001

Fall within the last year

1.54 (1.17, 2.00)

0.002

Male Sex

0.78 (0.65, 0.94)

0.009

Insulin Dependent Diabetes

1.52 (1.11, 2.07)

0.008

BMI < 18.5 or ≥ 40

1.49 (1.07, 2.06)

0.017

Preoperative WBC > 11

1.36 (1.02, 1.78)

0.032

Ascites

2.87 (1.11, 7.25)

0.026

Current smoking

1.34 (0.99, 1.78)

0.051

Wound infection

1.67 (0.95, 2.87)

0.067

Preoperative BUN > 22

1.24 (0.99, 1.54)

0.053