Table 1 General preoperative characteristics of patients and their associations with PLOS (n = 4,495,582)
Preoperative Characteristics | N (%) | Median LOS (IQR)* | Risk-Adjusted Median LOS (IQR)*^ | Risk-Adjusted Change in LOS (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
Female | 2,531,936 (56.3) | 3 (1–5) | 2.9 (2.3–4.3) | Reference |
Male | 1,963,646 (43.7) | 3 (1–6) | 3.2 (2.5–5.2) | + 0.3 |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||
American Indian or Alaska Native | 24,340 (0.5) | 3 (2–6) | 2.3 (2.5–5.2) | -0.7 |
Asian or Pacific Islander | 130,498 (2.9) | 3 (1–5) | 3.0 (2.3–4.8) | + 0.0 |
Black, not of Hispanic origin | 456,372 (10.2) | 3 (2–6) | 3.3 (2.5–5.6) | + 0.3 |
Hispanic origin | 230,670 (5.1) | 2 (1–4) | 2.7 (2.1–4.1) | -0.3 |
White, not of Hispanic origin | 3,019,096 (67.2) | 3 (2–5) | 3.0 (2.3–4.6) | Reference |
Null/unknown | 634,606 (14.1) | 3 (1–5) | 3.1 (2.4–4.8) | + 0.1 |
Smoking within one year | ||||
No | 3,655,837 | 3 (1–5) | 3.0 (2.3–4.6) | Reference |
Yes | 839,745 (18.7) | 3 (2–6) | 3.3 (2.5–5.4) | + 0.3 |
Functional health status prior to surgery | ||||
Independent | 4,266,622 (94.9) | 3 (1–5) | 2.9 (2.3–4.4) | Reference |
Partially dependent | 179,109 (4.0) | 5 (3–10) | 6.3 (4.3–10.2) | + 3.4 |
Totally dependent | 49,851 (1.1) | 8 (4–16) | 9.6 (6.1–17.6) | + 6.7 |
Transferred status | ||||
Admitted directly from home | 4,227,105 (94.0) | 3 (1–5) | 2.9 (2.3–4.4) | Reference |
Acute care hospital | 201,539 (4.5) | 5 (3–10) | 5.8 (3.6–10.0) | + 2.9 |
Chronic care facility | 66,938 (1.5) | 5 (3–10) | 6.6 (4.5–10.2) | + 3.7 |
Surgeon specialty | ||||
General surgery | 2,185,696 (48.6) | 3 (2–6) | 3.4 (2.4–5.7) | Reference |
Gynecology | 251,631 (5.6) | 2 (1–3) | 2.1 (1.8–2.4) | -1.3 |
Neurosurgery | 255,275 (5.7) | 3 (2–5) | 3.3 (2.7–4.2) | -0.1 |
Orthopedics | 963,743 (21.4) | 3 (2–3) | 2.9 (2.5–3.5) | -0.5 |
Otolaryngology | 56,636 (1.3) | 2 (1–4) | 2.6 (2.2–3.3) | -0.8 |
Plastics | 53,235 (1.2) | 3 (1–5) | 2.9 (2.3–4.3) | -0.5 |
Thoracic | 77,900 (1.7) | 4 (2–7) | 4.5 (3.5–6.3) | + 1.1 |
Urology | 210,058 (4.7) | 2 (1–4) | 2.6 (2.2–3.4) | -0.8 |
Vascular | 441,408 (9.8) | 3 (1–6) | 3.5 (2.5–5.8) | + 0.1 |
Emergency status | ||||
No | 3,903,090 (86.8) | 3 (1–5) | 3.0 (2.4–4.4) | Reference |
Yes | 592,492 (13.2) | 4 (1–8) | 4.1 (2.4–8.0) | + 1.1 |
ASA classification | ||||
I | 224,866 (5.0) | 1 (1–3) | 1.8 (1.6–2.1) | Reference |
II | 1,724,196 (38.4) | 2 (1–4) | 2.5 (2.1–3.4) | + 0.7 |
III | 2,158,858 (48.0) | 3 (2–6) | 3.5 (2.7–5.4) | + 1.7 |
IV | 373,838 (8.3) | 6 (3–10) | 6.3 (3.8–10.8) | + 4.5 |
V | 13,824 (0.3) | 8 (2–17) | 9.8 (5.9–18.1) | + 8.0 |
Preoperative Characteristics | Mean (SD) | Unadjusted Pearson Correlation Coefficient* | Risk-Adjusted Pearson Correlation Coefficient^ | |
Age, years | 59.4 (16.4) | 0.125 | -0.00025 | |
Work relative value unit | 19.8 (9.5) | 0.194 | -0.00056 | |
CPT specific median length of stay | 3.0 (2.3) | 0.433 | 0.02242* | |