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Table 1 Classification of traumatic-hemorrhagic shock*

From: The pathophysiology of pelvic ring injuries: a review

 

Class 1

Class 2

Class 3

Class 4

Blood loss

< 750 cc

750-1,500 cc

1,500-2,000 cc

> 2,000 cc

Blood loss (% volume)

< 15%

15-40%

30-50%

> 40%

Heart rate

< 100/min

> 100/min

> 130/min

> 140/min

Blood pressure

Normal

Normal

Decreased

Decreased

Pulse pressure

Normal

Decreased

Decreased

Decreased

Respiratory rate

14–20/min

20–30/min

30–40/min

> 35/min

Urine output

> 30mL/hr

20–30/mL/hr

5–15/ml/hr

Negligible

Mental status

Normal

Anxious

Confused

Lethargic

  1. *per ATLS® criteria [25]